CHILDRENUSUALLYrejoiceinabreakfromschool,assumingitwillbeachancetoslackoff.NotRyu,anine-year-oldinTokyo.AsthenewcoronavirusspreadacrossJapan,schoolsthroughoutthecountryclosedonMarch2nd.Hisparentshaveenforcedastrictscheduleeveryday.ItincludesJapanese,scienceandphysicaleducation.Hedoesmathematicsonhisabacuseverymorning.Onweekdaysheisallowedtoplayinaparkfor90minutes.“IwishIcouldtakehimtotheparkmore,butwehavelimitedtimeasweworkfromhome,”fretshismother,FujimakiNatsuko.
孩子们通常都喜欢学校放假,心想又可以玩儿了。但在东京,九岁的小龙不开心。因为新冠病毒在日本传播,全国的学校都在3月2日关闭了。父母每天对他执行严格的学习时间表,包括日语、科学和体育。每天早上他在算盘上做算术。工作日他可以到公园里玩一个半小时。“我希望能多带他去公园,但我们在家工作,没那么多时间。”妈妈藤卷夏子也犯愁。
Ryuisoneofalmost1bnstudentsaroundtheworldwhoseschoolinghasbeeninterruptedasaresultofcovid-19(seemap).AsTheEconomistwenttopress,justovercountriesincludingChina,ItalyandSouthKoreahadclosedtheirschools,ashad43statesinAmerica,aspartofeffortstocontaincovid-19.BritainwillcloseallschoolsonMarch20th.Schools,wheresticky-fingeredchildrengathereveryday,sharingtoysandsuckingonpencils,areanobviousplacefordiseasestoflourish.InBritain’sHealthProtectionAgencylookedatfluoutbreaksthatcoincidedwithschoolclosures.Itfoundthatshuttingthemslowedthetransmissionofthevirus,evenifitalsoslowedthetransmissionofknowledge.
小龙是世界各地因为新冠肺炎而不能去上学的近10亿名学生之一(见地图)。在本刊于上周四付印之时,包括中国、意大利和韩国在内的多个国家以及美国的43个州都为了防控疫情关停了学校。英国在20日也关闭了所有学校。在校园里,手指黏糊糊的孩子们每天聚在一起,分享玩具,咬铅笔头,这显然是个疾病容易肆虐的地方。年,英国健康防护局(HealthProtectionAgency)研究了与学校停课同时发生的流感爆发,结果发现关闭学校减慢了流感病毒传播,虽然它也减慢了知识的传播。
Thedataonwhetherschoolclosureswillcurbcovid-19arelimited.Childrenmaynotbethe“mainroutesoftransmission”,saysMichaelHead,whostudiesglobalhealthattheUniversityofSouthampton.Andtheeconomic,socialandeducationalcostsareheavy.OnMarch12thBilldeBlasio,themayorofNewYork,saidtherewere“many,manyreasons”nottoclosethecity’s1,schools(thoughonMarch16thitdidjustthat,shutteringAmerica’slargestschoolsystemforatleastfourweeks).Forallgovernments,decidingwhetherornottocloseschoolsisachoicebetweentwobadoptions.
关闭学校能不能遏制新冠肺炎,相关数据还很有限。南安普顿大学研究全球健康的迈克尔·黑德(MichaelHead)说,少儿可能不是“主要传播途径”。而这么做在经济、社会和教育方面的代价却很高。3月12日,纽约市市长白思豪(BilldeBlasio)表示,出于“很多、很多的原因”不能关闭纽约市的1所学校(但到了16日事情就变了,这个美国最大的学校系统停摆至少四周)。对所有政府而言,决定是否关学校不过是两害相权取其轻。
Astudyinmodellingtheeffectsofclosingallschoolsandformalday-carecentresinAmericaforamonthputthecostat0.1-0.3%ofGDP.Somecountriesseembetterpreparedtodealwiththeeconomicimpact.InChinathenationwideclosurescamewithgovernment-mandatedwork-from-homepoliciesandsubsidiesfor